Background and Objective: ­ Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infections during pregnancy and has also been implicated as a risk factor for adverse maternal and prenatal ­­outcomes. The aim of our study was to determine the relation between maternal urinary tract infection and adverse maternal, prenatal outcomes in pregnant women of Ardabil, Iran.

  Material and Methods: ­ This retrospective-case-control study was conducted on­ prenatal file records of pregnant women in Ardabil (2011). ­ ­The pregnant women ­who had a positive urine culture in their prenatal files­ (N= 211) ­were considered as a case ­group and ­232­ ones without urinary tract infection as a control. Using a research- made questionnaire, the data related to present pregnancy and prenatal information was collected and analyzed by KrusKal Wallis, Chi- Square and Fisher statistical tests.

  Results­: Maternal age of under 25 (%61.6 vs. 56.5), body mass index of more than 30 (%18.3 vs. 15.6), primigravida (%55 vs. 48.8), hypertension (%2.4 vs. 1.3), hyperemesis Gravidarum (%14.8 vs. 12.6), frequency ­and dysuria ­(%1.9 vs. 0.9), low birth weight (%95.4 vs. 93.2), congenital malformation (%3.5 vs. 1.8), artificial milk feeding (%6.5 vs. 2.7), neonatal death (%0.9 vs. 0.0) are higher in urinary infection group, however the differences are not statistically significant. Other maternal and prenatal adverse outcomes such as diabetes, pre-eclampsia , hemoglobin level, prematurity, abortion and stillbirth have not significant relation with urinary infection.

  Conclusion: Because of low level of adverse maternal or prenatal outcomes reported in our study, we conclude that screening and treatment of urinary tract infection in Ardabil health service is ­appropriate therefore, ­no change is needed for present ­screening­ or treatment processes.

Background and Objective: Pregnancy is often introduced as a stressful experience that may be increased, and leads to some cognitive and behavioral responses called stress. By managing stress in pregnancy period, we can reduce anxiety and prevent from much of obstetric and physical complications. This study aimed to determine the effect of cognitive-behavioral based stress management on anxiety reduction of pregnant women.

Material and Methods: This pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted on pregnant women referring to health centers in Gorgan city in 2012. Twenty-four patients with eligible criteria were divided randomly into two equal groups of experimental and control. Pre-test was performed by State- trait anxiety inventory and the intervention was administered to experimental group. After that, posttest was taken for both groups. Statistical analysis was performed by covariance.

Results: Analysis of the data shows that pregnant women experience Anxiety. Stress management training in cognitive-behavioral style significantly decrease state- trait anxiety of pregnant women.

Conclusion: Stress management training in cognitive-behavioral style has an effect on state- trait anxiety reduction of pregnant women.