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Background and objectives: Diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in developing countries. Because the cause of many chronic diseases lies in the human's lifestyle, performing health promotion behaviors is the best way to maintain and improve the health. Hence, this study aimed to compare the health promoting behaviors based on the Pender model in at risk groups of type 2 diabetes in women referred to health centers of Rasht city 2017.
Methods: This cross-sectional and analytical-descriptive study was performed on 300 women referring to community health centers of Rasht city and was conducted by stratified random sampling method. Data was collected by Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II) Questionnaire and the questionnaire evaluating the risk of type 2 diabetes using the FINDRISK tool .Data analysis  was performed by SPSS version 21 using ANOVA test, Tukey test and independent T-test.
Results: The mean score and standard deviation of health promotion behaviors in this study have been varied from 144.18 ± 19.56 in the low risk group and 129.27±17.86 in the very high-risk group of type 2 diabetes. The difference in score of health promotion behaviors dimensions in the five groups according to the risk of type 2 diabetes, except the interpersonal relationships dimension, was statistically significant (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: The high risk and very high risk groups than low risk and very low risk of type 2 diabetes had less scores of health promoting behaviors. In other words, people with a healthier lifestyle were less likely to develop type 2 diabetes .

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Background: reproductive health is having physical, mental and social health not being sick or disable, in all related systems of reproduction, function and its process. This study aims to investigate the effective factors on using reproductive health services and their outcomes.
Methods: this was a narrative review and the keywords, including reproductive health, family health, services, health promotion, barriers and effective factors outcome, were determined basing on Mesh and searching the papers in Google, PubMed, Science Direct, SID and Scholar, published since 1990 to 2019. The criteria to participate in this study included the papers examined the effective barriers on using  reproductive health services and their outcomes; the criteria of putting unrelated papers aside were basing on the subject. Finally 39 papers were chosen from 85 ones (26 English and 13 Persian papers) to write the review.
Results: our findings in this paper were related to the effective barriers on using reproductive health services and their outcomes and divided into four groups. the effective barriers on using reproductive health services included poverty, violence, migration, injustice , inequality and their outcomes as the outcomes of poverty (access to modern family planning services, difference between fertility in urban and rural population due to in equality in access to contraception methods , differences in level of women’s knowledge about reproduction issues in poor and rich communities , increasing infertility, unsafe abortion and increasing  sexually transmitted diseases ), violence including some scopes like mental health (depression, sleep disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and suicide), reproductive health (unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, Complications of pregnancy, sexual disorders and   sexually transmitted diseases like HIV), risky behaviors (unprotected sex, multiple sex partners and sexual violence ), tragic outcomes (death caused by pregnancy complications, rape, unsafe apportion, killing newborn infant and suicide) and social outcomes (unintended pregnancy, leaving school, losing relationships and rejection by family and friends ), migration (increasing undesirable outcomes of pregnancy like low birth weight, sexually transmitted diseases, induced abortion and decreasing access to health services ) , injustice and inequality (reduced access to family planning services by poor communities comparing to rich ones and increasing fertility, increasing unintended pregnancy, short intervals between pregnancies and increasing family members ).
 Conclusions: according to the important role of reproductive health in human and communities, training people is necessary, not only for medical reasons but also as a basis in strength of marital life. Lack of information or incorrect data can increase family and marital problems so the effective factors and barriers should be determined and met.