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Background: reproductive health is having physical, mental and social health not being sick or disable, in all related systems of reproduction, function and its process. This study aims to investigate the effective factors on using reproductive health services and their outcomes.
Methods: this was a narrative review and the keywords, including reproductive health, family health, services, health promotion, barriers and effective factors outcome, were determined basing on Mesh and searching the papers in Google, PubMed, Science Direct, SID and Scholar, published since 1990 to 2019. The criteria to participate in this study included the papers examined the effective barriers on using  reproductive health services and their outcomes; the criteria of putting unrelated papers aside were basing on the subject. Finally 39 papers were chosen from 85 ones (26 English and 13 Persian papers) to write the review.
Results: our findings in this paper were related to the effective barriers on using reproductive health services and their outcomes and divided into four groups. the effective barriers on using reproductive health services included poverty, violence, migration, injustice , inequality and their outcomes as the outcomes of poverty (access to modern family planning services, difference between fertility in urban and rural population due to in equality in access to contraception methods , differences in level of women’s knowledge about reproduction issues in poor and rich communities , increasing infertility, unsafe abortion and increasing  sexually transmitted diseases ), violence including some scopes like mental health (depression, sleep disorder, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and suicide), reproductive health (unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, Complications of pregnancy, sexual disorders and   sexually transmitted diseases like HIV), risky behaviors (unprotected sex, multiple sex partners and sexual violence ), tragic outcomes (death caused by pregnancy complications, rape, unsafe apportion, killing newborn infant and suicide) and social outcomes (unintended pregnancy, leaving school, losing relationships and rejection by family and friends ), migration (increasing undesirable outcomes of pregnancy like low birth weight, sexually transmitted diseases, induced abortion and decreasing access to health services ) , injustice and inequality (reduced access to family planning services by poor communities comparing to rich ones and increasing fertility, increasing unintended pregnancy, short intervals between pregnancies and increasing family members ).
 Conclusions: according to the important role of reproductive health in human and communities, training people is necessary, not only for medical reasons but also as a basis in strength of marital life. Lack of information or incorrect data can increase family and marital problems so the effective factors and barriers should be determined and met.

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Background: The prevalence of the coronavirus has had various psychological effects on families with patients suffering from COVID-19, including depression. Depression can also affect the physical health of family members. This study was conducted with the aim of comparing the level of depression and its relationship with physical health among families with and without COVID-19 patients in comprehensive health centers.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in 2022 in comprehensive health centers in Gorgan (Iran) among 98 families with and without COVID-19 patients, using simple random sampling. The data collection tools included the Beck Depression Inventory and the PHQ physical health questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and tests such as the Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test, and Spearman's correlation test at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The study revealed that the mean scores of depression and physical health in family members with COVID-19 patients were 11.56±7.50 and 7.60±4.32, respectively, while in families without COVID-19 patients, they were 8.01±4.67 and 3.98±3.43, respectively. The odds of depression (OR=5.11, p=0.001) and physical symptoms (OR=4.68, p=0.002) were higher in families with COVID-19 patients compared to those without. The findings also showed a direct and significant linear correlation between depression and physical health in both groups (p<0.001, r=0.44).
Conclusion: These findings increase the awareness of health managers about the prevalence of depression and physical health disorders among families with COVID-19 patients and can help provide economic, social, and psychological support programs for these families.