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Prevalence‌ of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection Among Women Refered to Laboratories in Zanjan, 2010
Mr Hamid Baghchesaraie, Mr Reza Salmani, Mr Bahram Amini,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (8-2012)
Abstract

  Background and Objective : Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a common sexually transmitted protozoal infection and is associated with several adverse outcomes such as preterm labour, delivery of a low-birth weight infant, and facilitation of sexually transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. In Iran, the prevalence of trichomoniasis has been reported between 2 to 8%. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of this infection among women referred to a laboratory in Zanjan.

  Material and Methods: ­In this Cross-sectional study, 328 women were selected via convenience sampling. Because of vaginal discharge, itching, burning and malodor, they were referred to a laboratory by a gynecologist. After preparing a demographical check list, the vaginal specimens were examined by wet smears for Trichomonas vaginalis, in 2010. To analyze the data, we use chi square and fisher exact test.

  Results: The clients (54.43%) ­are 25-­34 years old, homemaker­(87%), illiterate or­­ primary school education­ (48%).­The prevalence of T.­ Vaginalis infection is­ 6.4%.­ there is no significant relationship between T.­Vaginalis infection and factors like age, education level, marriage age, contraceptive method, occupation, dwelling place and number of labour.

  Conclusion: In comparison with other studies, the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Zanjan is moderate. Because of co-existing with other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), we suggest conducting further studies about the prevalence of other STDs in Zanjan.

  Keywords: Trichomonas vaginalis, Prevalence, Zanjan


Factors Related to Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnant Mothers in the Konawe District, Indonesia
Hardianti Mukkadas, Wa Ode Salma, I Made cristian Bhinekada,
Volume 18, Issue 2 (7-2021)
Abstract
Background: Chronic energy deficiency (CED) can have serious health consequences in both the mother and the baby. The aim of this study was to determine factors associated with CED in pregnant women. 
Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 115 pregnant women referred to two health centers in the Konawe District (Indonesia) in 2021. After determining the prevalence of CED, data on different demographic and socioeconomic characteristics including family income, nutritional status, adherence to Fe tablet consumption and food availability were collected using questionnaires. Relationship between the variables and prevalence of CED was assessed using the Chi-square test at significance of 0.05.
Results: The prevalence of CED was 36.5% among pregnant women. The prevalence of CED was significantly associated with family income (P=0.001), nutritional status (P=0.001), adherence to Fe tablet consumption (P=0.007) and food availability (P=0.002). The logistic regression test showed that family income had the strongest association with the prevalence of CED (OR=2.197; 95% CI: 1,248-3.868).
Conclusion: The prevalence of CED is higher in pregnant women with low income, poor nutritional status, and limited access to food and poor adherence to Fe tablet consumption. We suggest increasing food security at the family level by providing information to women in preconception stage through counseling, flip charts and posters.

Maternal stress in the fetal anomaly screening process: A prospective cohort study
Batool Zeidabadi, Abedin Iranpour, Fatemeh Alavi-Arjas, Mohammad Reza Baneshi, Salman Shamsadini Moghadam , Mohammd Moqaddasi Amiri, Mahdiye Taheri,
Volume 21, Issue 3 (10-2024)
Abstract
Background: Fetal health and pregnancy outcomes are significant contributors to increased prenatal stress. The effect of fetal anomaly screening on a mother’s stress is controversial. The present study aimed to explore maternal stress throughout a multi-stage anomaly screening program among healthy pregnant women.
Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at the public health centers of Sirjan, Iran from March 2022 to January 2023 using the convenience sampling process. The population included 228 healthy pregnant women. Data were collected using a researcher-made checklist for demographic and obstetrics characteristics. Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was utilized to measure maternal stress at three distinct intervals, including before (weeks 6-10 of pregnancy), during (weeks 11-14 of pregnancy), and after fetal anomaly screening tests (weeks 15-20 of pregnancy). Friedman test was used for measuring the association between maternal stress and fetal abnormality test results. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 at a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The mothers with higher educational levels (p =0.05, β=1.74), and having a live child experienced lower levels of initial stress (p =0.016, β=2.27). Throughout the time, receiving a normal nuchal translucency (NT) result was associated with a significant decrease in perceived mother's stress (p <0.0001), and abnormal NT ultrasound results (reported in 3.8% of women) led to a rise in the downslope of stress in the third measurement; however, it was not significant.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that maternal stress decreased over time following normal results of fetal anomaly screening. Three factors were associated with lower maternal stress, including university education, having at least a living child, and a normal ultrasound result. Moreover, women at first pregnancy and/or with an abnormal ultrasound result experienced high-stress levels. The findings may be useful in guiding the formulation of health policies and the distribution of resources.
 

The effect of education and telephone follow-up after discharge (telenursing) on care pressure and resilience in caregivers of bipolar patients: A quasi-experimental study
Peiman Fereidouni Sarijeh , Ali Khatib , Soheileddin Salmani , Maryam Fransiz ,
Volume 22, Issue 2 (6-2025)
Abstract
Background: Family caregivers face a caregiving burden due to providing care to patients with mental illness. It is essential to employ appropriate strategies to reduce the caregiving burden and increase resilience. Telenursing, as an accessible and cost-effective strategy, enables continued support and education after discharge. This study was conducted with aim to evaluate the effect of education and telephone follow-up (telenursing) on care burden and resilience in caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted from September 2024 to March 2025 at Razi Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran, Iran. A total of 60 caregivers of bipolar disorder patients were selected through convenience sampling. Participants were then randomly assigned to the intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups using a simple randomization method. The intervention group received eight group-based telenursing sessions (two sessions per week, 40–50 minutes each). The control group received only routine discharge education. Data were collected using the Caregiver Burden Scale and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 25) and independent and paired t-tests. P<0.05 was considered significant.
Results: After the intervention, the mean caregiving burden in the intervention group significantly decreased (28.03±16.72) compared to the control group (58.93 ± 12.18) (p<0.0001). Also, the mean resilience in the intervention group significantly increased (36.63 ± 1.86) compared to the control group (26.10±8.26) (p<0.0001). These results indicate the strong evidence for effectiveness of education and telenursing in reducing caregiving burden (p<0.0001) and increasing resilience of caregivers of bipolar patients (p<0.0001).
Conclusion: The results indicate that telenursing has a positive effect on reducing caregiving pressure and increasing the resilience in caregivers of patients with bipolar disorder. This type of support is useful for providing comprehensive care and maintaining the health of family caregivers.

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