Background and Objective: Iran is a disaster-prone country and occurrence of disasters is inevitable. Early warning system is one of the most aspects in hospital preparedness. This research aim to determine the effect of early warning system on hospital readiness.

Material and Methods: This research was conducted in Motahari hospital in Tehran city, 2014. To perform early warning system based on the national program of readiness for disaster, we had frequent sessions with some health experts and the members of disaster committee. The level of   readiness was evaluated by WHO's checklist before.

Results: Following intervention, hospital preparedness rate increased by 25 scores demonstrating significant raise from moderate to high.

Conclusion: In regard with average level of readiness in Motahari hospital and its significant increase after using early warning system, we recommend applying this system for improving the level of hospital disaster preparedness.

Background and Objective: Anxiety is the most common psychological reaction of the families of the patients in cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU). Since nursing consultation is an approach to controlling anxiety, we aimed to determine its effect on anxiety of the patients' families in CSICU.

Material and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on fifty-four family members, of the patients in CSICU of a hospital in Kurdkoy, Iran, allocated into intervention and control groups. For intervention group, nursing consultation program was carried out from admission to discharge while for control group just routine was performed. The data was collected via a demographic checklist and state- anxiety Spielberger inventory, and analyzed by chi-square, independent and paired t-tests.

Results: The results showed that the two groups had similar demographic characteristics. Using independent t-test, their anxiety levels were not significantly different before intervention while they were after intervention. This means that nursing counseling was effective in reducing family's anxiety level (P<0.001). Based on paired t test, there was a significant difference between before and after anxiety in case group (P<0.01) but in control group the difference was not significant (p>0.01).

Conclusion: Nursing consultation can be helpful in mitigating in family's anxiety in cardiac Surgery intensive care unit.

Background: The qualitative research paradigm is crucial for understanding complex human phenomena, making credibility essential for its findings. Challenges in applying quality assessment criteria and promoting responsible practices in biomedical research underscore the need to review strategies, practices, and challenges in evaluating the quality of qualitative research. This protocol aims to support a multi-method study that develops evidence-informed, comprehensive, and practical recommendations to enhance quality assurance in qualitative research within the biomedical field.
Methods: This multi-method study protocol consists of three phases: a systematic scoping review, qualitative content analysis, and a Delphi survey. The scoping review will follow Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step approach, using relevant keywords to guide a systematic search across databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, with no time restrictions. Qualitative content analysis will follow Graneheim and Lundman’s (2004) method. Purposeful sampling will be used to select experts in qualitative research. Semi-structured interviews will collect their experiences in evaluating qualitative research quality. Based on the review and interview findings, comprehensive, evidence-informed, and practical recommendations within the biomedical field will be developed and further refined using the Delphi method.
Conclusion: This study aims to critically examine quality achievement and evaluation in the qualitative paradigm and identify challenges, practices, and strategies through a review of existing evidence, focusing on related experiences and perceptions. The study also seeks to address gaps and controversies in the literature using qualitative content analysis. Ultimately, the goal is to develop comprehensive, evidence-informed, and practical recommendations to enhance quality assurance in qualitative research.
 

Background: Secondary traumatic stress (STS) is a psychological phenomenon that refers to the negative and traumatic emotional experiences that individuals endure as a result of exposure to the pain and suffering of others, particularly in caring professions such as emergency nursing. STS not only affects the mental health of nurses but can also have a significant impact on the healthcare system. We will conduct this study to explore the phenomenon of STS in depth and compile a policy brief.
Methods: This study employs a multi-methods approach, integrating a grounded theory study, a systematic scoping review, and the Delphi method, culminating in the development of a policy brief. Grounded theory, recommended by Corbin and Strauss (2014), will be used to explore the process of STS among emergency nurses through individual interviews and observations. Participants will be selected using purposive and theoretical sampling until data saturation is achieved. Data collection will focus on emergency nurses' experiences and emotional responses, with analysis proceeding through five stages: open coding, concept development, contextual analysis, process analysis, and category integration. The second phase is a systematic scoping review exploring challenges in managing STS among emergency nurses. This review will synthesize national and international experiences, based on Arksey and O’Malley’s five-step framework and the PRISMA model to systematically collect and integrate findings. The results from the grounded theory, including identified concepts, facilitators, and barriers, will be integrated with the scoping review findings using the classical Delphi method. A panel of expert nurses and scholars will engage in iterative Delphi sessions to refine perspectives on STS in emergency nursing. Finally, a policy brief will be developed, synthesizing key findings and providing evidence-based recommendations for policymakers.
Conclusion: This study protocol offers a comprehensive guide for conducting a multi-methods study, outlining the research process step-by-step to aid researchers using similar methodologies. It addresses common language-related challenges, suggests solutions, and helps deeply explore the phenomenon of STS and compile a policy brief. The protocol emphasizes maintaining high research integrity through specific criteria and provides a detailed discussion of ethical considerations and research methodology. The authors advocate for publishing multi-methods protocols before implementation to improve research integrity, foster ethical and integrated practices, and support novice researchers.