---

Background and Objective: Pregnancy in the early years of reproductive period has been considered as a high-risk pregnancy. Since different factors interfere with pregnancy and its outcome in teenagers, this study was conducted to determine the outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth in adolescents in Dezyani Hospital of Gorgan, Iran (2008). Material and Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, we compared the pregnancy outcome of 91 primigravida teenagers (less than 19 years) with that of 89 women (19-29 years) as control group. The data collected from patients medical records are mother's age, gestational age, and fetal presentation , gestational hypertension, diabetes mellitus, the way of delivery, hemoglobin status before and after childbirth, first and fifth minute Apgar scores, neonatal anthropometric indices, mode of delivery, congenital anomalies. Data were analyzed with descriptive-analytic tests, using the SPSS.16 software. Results: The mean age of the case and control group is 17.73±1.30 and 24.56±2.54, respectively. In admission, young mothers have significant more weight and height (p<0.05). Mean gestational age is almost the same in teenage (38.59±3.15week) and young mothers (38.09±3.0week). Neonatal anthropometric indices and first and fifth minute Apgar scores are not significantly different in two groups. Conclusion: Mother's age can not be the only determinant of the outcome of pregnancy and childbirth. Pregnancy in teenagers isn't associated with the decrease of gestational age, anthropometric indices and Apgar score, and is not related with the increase of early childbirth and maternal and neonatal mortality.

---

  Background and Objective: anemia is one of the main problems of chronic renal failure patients undergone Hemodialysis and erythropoietin is not effective for these patients. Since Vitamin C deficiency in Hemodialysis patients is common, this study was performed to compare the effect of intravenous and oral ascorbic acid consumption on anemia in Hemodialysis patients.

  Material and Methods: this clinical trial was conducted on 75 patients, selected via convenience sampling and including criteria (hemoglobin, 11mg/dl ferritin, 100ug/L transferring saturation, < 20%). The subjects were randomly assigned to three equal groups of control , oral ascorbic acid (POAA) and intravenous ascorbic acid (IVAA) After each every-other-day dialysis performed for eight weeks, the patients of IVAA group were given 300mg intravenous vitamin C and the ones of POAA group given 500mg vitamin C orally. The Plasma iron with chemical method, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) and ferritin level with indirect method, hemoglobin with cell counter and transferring saturation (TSAT) with related formula were measured. Using a checklist, the data of demographic, laboratory results and side effects were recorded and analyzed by SPSS-13, using ANOVA and scheffe post-hoc test (p≤ 0.05).

  

  Results: the baseline hemoglobin, serum iron, ferritin, TIBC and TSAT in three groups were not different significantly. After intervention, the hemoglobin level of IVAA group( 20.1g/dl ) and in POAA group (0.99g/dl) were increased compared to control group(P>0.001). the mean of hemoglobin in IVAA was significantly more than POAA (P>0.05).

  

  Conclusion: based on the results, the use of oral and intravenous vitamin C can be effective in the anemia caused by iron deficiency, especially vitamin C injection that is more beneficial.